| 摘要: |
| 【目的】为探究毕节市短时强降水时空分布特征。【方法】利用毕节市2006—2022年8个国家级气象站逐小时降水观测资料，采用统计诊断分析、EOF等方法对毕节市近17 a短时强降水时空分布与暴雨关系进行研究。【结果】（1）近17 a来共有537站次短时强降水发生，年平均31.6次，空间呈东南多、西北少，高发区在织金、纳雍，最少出现在赫章。87.9%的短时强降雨出现在20 mm≤R1h＜40 mm。（2）年际变化呈增长趋势，最大值出现在2019年的53站次，最小值出现在2013年的17站次；月际变化呈单峰型，5—9月是短时降水高发时段，7月达到峰值，主要以局地性单站降水出现；日变化呈单峰型，主要出现夜间，20时至次日04时为高发时段，峰值在02时。（3）共出现327次暴雨天气过程，65.1%的暴雨天气过程伴有短时强降水，7月暴雨最多，织金暴雨与短时强降水出现最多；暴雨与短时强降水相关性达0.82，暴雨日、伴随短时强降水的暴雨日与短时强降水空间分布均是东南多，西北少的特征；暴雨日降水量与最大雨强有显著正相关关系。【结论】该研究对了解和认识毕节市短时强降水的气候背景，对提升短时强降水防灾减灾能力和临近预报预警能力具有重要意义。 |
| 关键词: 短时强降水；暴雨；时空分析；相关性；毕节 |
| DOI： |
| 投稿时间：2024-06-17修订日期：2024-08-19 |
| 基金项目: |
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| Characterization of spatial and temporal distribution of short-term heavy precipitation in Bijie City |
| liwenqian,linxuefei,caijun,zhangdan,zhaotingfei |
| (Weining Meteorological Bureau of Guizhou Province;Zunyi Meteorological Bureau of Guizhou Province;Zhijin Meteorological Bureau of Guizhou Province) |
| Abstract: |
| Using the hour-by-hour precipitation observation data from eight national meteorological stations in Bijie City from 2006 to 2022, the spatial and temporal distribution of short-term heavy precipitation in Bijie City in the recent 17 a was studied and analyzed in relation to heavy rainfall by using statistical diagnostic analysis and EOF. The results show that:(1) a total of 537 stations of short-time heavy precipitation occurred in the last 17 a, with an annual average of 31.6 times, with more in the southeast and less in the northwest, with the high incidence areas in Zijin and Nayong, and the least in Hezhang. 87.9% of the short-time heavy precipitation appeared in the area of 20 ≤ R1h < 40 mm.(2) The interannual variation shows an increasing trend, with the maximum occurring at 53 stations in 2019 and the minimum at 17 stations in 2013; the intermonthly variation shows a single-peak pattern, with May-September being the period of high incidence of short-duration precipitation, peaking in July, and occurring mainly as localized single-station precipitation; and the daily variation shows a single-peak pattern, occurring mainly at night, with the high incidence occurring between 20:00 hrs and 04:00 hrs of the next day. The peak is at 0200 hours.(3) There were 327 rainstorms in total, and 65.1% of the rainstorms were accompanied by short-term heavy precipitation, with the most rainstorms in July, and the most rainstorms with short-term heavy precipitation in Zijin; the correlation between rainstorms and short-term heavy precipitation amounted to 0.82, and the spatial distributions of rainstorms, rainstorms accompanied by short-term heavy precipitation, and short-term heavy precipitation were all characterized by more in the southeast and fewer in the northwest; and there was a significant positive correlation between the daily precipitation amount of rainstorms and the maximum rainfall intensity. There is a significant positive correlation between the daily precipitation of rainstorm and the maximum rainfall intensity.This study is of great significance for understanding and recognizing the climatic background of short-term heavy precipitation in Bijie City, and for improving the capacity of short-term heavy precipitation prevention and mitigation as well as the capability of proximity forecasting and early warning. |
| Key words: Short-term heavy precipitation; heavy rainfall; spatial and temporal analysis; correlation; Bijie |
