| 摘要: |
| 【目的】为给贵阳机场冬季雷暴天气的预报提供依据。【方法】利用贵阳机场人工观测资料、ERA5再分析资料、地面及高空观测数据，对2008—2023年冬季贵阳机场发生的雷暴天气过程的天气学成因和物理机制进行分析和探讨。【结果】（1）700 hPa和500 hPa高度层的温差达15℃是冬季高架雷暴是否出现的重要指标，锋面雷暴下K指数为31℃左右，暖区雷暴SI在0℃以下。（2）高架雷暴中水汽分布“上干下湿”的特征显著，锋面雷暴湿层高于高架雷暴，暖区雷暴受暖湿气流影响导致整层湿度较大。（3）高架雷暴和锋面雷暴下的动力不稳定条件相对暖区雷暴更强，高架雷暴更易伴随剧烈复杂的对流性天气。（4）高架雷暴下锋后冷垫上空的中层锋区的斜压锋生使得锋后的强上升运动发展超过500 hPa，锋面雷暴中上升运动主要由锋面抬升作用产生，暖区雷暴的上升运动主要与加深高空槽前正涡度平流产生的上升运动有关。【结论】得到的天气学模型和预报指标对贵阳冬季雷暴的预报具有指示作用。 |
| 关键词: 贵阳机场；高架雷暴；锋面雷暴；暖区雷暴 |
| DOI： |
| 投稿时间：2024-06-09修订日期：2024-09-12 |
| 基金项目: |
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| Study on the Characteristics and Physical Mechanisms of Winter Thunderstorms at Guiyang Airport over the Past 16 Years |
| ZHANG Yanan,LIU Guiping |
| (Guizhou Air Traffic Control Bureau of CAAC) |
| Abstract: |
| To provide a basis for forecasting thunderstorm weather at Guiyang Airport during the winter season, by utilizing the manual observation data at Guiyang Airport, ERA5 reanalysis data, surface and upper-air observation data, this paper investigates the meteorological causes and physical mechanisms of thunderstorm weather processes that occurred at Guiyang Airport in the winter of 2008–2023. The results show that: (1) a temperature difference of 15 °C between the 700 hPa and 500 hPa levels is an important indicator for the occurrence of elevated thunderstorms in winter, the K index for frontal thunderstorms is about 31 °C, and SI for warm-sector thunderstorms is below 0 °C. (2) In elevated thunderstorms, the moisture distribution features “dry above, moist below” significantly; the moist layer in frontal thunderstorms is higher than in elevated thunderstorms, and warm-sector thunderstorms, influenced by warm and moist airflow, exhibit high humidity throughout the layer. (3) The dynamic instability conditions under elevated and frontal thunderstorms are relatively stronger than those under warm-sector thunderstorms, making elevated thunderstorms more likely to be accompanied by intense and complex convective weather. (4) Under elevated thunderstorms, the slantwise frontogenesis in the mid-level frontal zone above the post-frontal cold pool causes strong upward motion to develop above 500 hPa; in frontal thunderstorms, upward motion is mainly generated by frontal lifting; in warm-sector thunderstorms, upward motion is primarily associated with positive vorticity advection ahead of a deepening upper trough. The meteorological models and forecast indicators obtained have indicative roles in forecasting winter thunderstorms at Guiyang. |
| Key words: Guiyang Airport; elevated thunderstorm; frontal thunderstorm; warm-sector thunderstorm |
