| 摘要: |
| 基于高低空观测资料、烟台雷达回波资料和第五代欧洲中心再分析资料(ERA5),统计分析了烟台地区自2006年以来出现的五次秋季(9～10月)冰雹天气过程。研究发现,五次秋季冰雹均在有利的环境下产生的,高空有冷涡、切边线和急流辐合,地面上有匹配的辐合线。冰雹发生前,对流有效位能和对流抑制有效位能之差超过724.3 J/kg；850 hPa与500 hPa温差超过25℃左右及以上；0 ℃和-20℃层高度高度差超过2900 m；0-6 km垂直风矢量差超过11.1 m/s。降雹地区的400 hPa到800 hPa有明显的上升运动,垂直速度要超过-1.0 Pa/s,并且都有强不稳定能量,为冰雹形成的提供一定的动力条件。雷达风暴参数在冰雹发生前的一到两个体扫中,除了风暴所在高度和回波顶高有可能是下降之后,其余均是呈现上升趋势。垂直液态水含量和垂直液态水含量密度均达到37 kg/m2和4.4 g/m3上,增量也达到11 kg/m2和1.3 g/m3；大冰雹要超过48 kg/m2和5.4 g/m3。 |
| 关键词: 冰雹;雷达风暴参数;物理量场 |
| DOI： |
| 投稿时间：2023-06-16修订日期：2023-09-24 |
| 基金项目:山东省重大天气过程专项SDYBY2021-06 |
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| Analysis of Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Autumn Hailstones in Yantai City |
| REN Bohua |
| (Yantai Meteorological Bureau of Shandong Province) |
| Abstract: |
| In this study conducted a statistical analysis of five autumn (September-October) hail weather events that occurred in the Yantai region of northern Shandong Peninsula since 2006, based on high and low altitude observation data, Yantai radar echo data, and reanalysis data from the fifth-generation European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ERA5). The study revealed that all five autumn hail events occurred in favorable atmospheric conditions characterized by the presence of upper-level cold vortices, shear lines and jet stream convergence, as well as matching surface convergence lines. Prior to hail formation, the difference between Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) and Convective Inhibition Energy (CIN) exceeded 724.3 J/kg; The temperature difference between 850 hPa and 500 hPa was greater than or equal to approximately 25°C;The height difference between the 0℃ and -20℃ levels was greater than approximately 2900 m;The vertical wind shear between 0-6 km exceeded approximately 11.1 m/s. In the region affected by hail, there is a significant upward motion between 400 hPa and 800 hPa, with vertical velocities exceeding -1.0 Pa/s, and strong unstable energy, providing certain dynamic conditions for hail formation. In the one to two volume scans prior to the occurrence of hail, the radar storm parameters exhibit an upward trend except for the possibility of a decrease in the height of the storm and echo top. The vertical liquid water content and vertical liquid water content density both reached 37 kg/m2 and 4.4 g/m3, with an increment of 11 kg/m2 and 1.3 g/m3. Large hailstones require an accumulation exceeding 48 kg/m2 and 5.4 g/m3. |
| Key words: Hail; Radar storm parameters; Physical field quantities |
