| 摘要: |
| 2022年4月下旬至5月上旬,贵州西部共发生了6次冰雹天气过程,有4次冰雹灾害天气严重影响贵州西部红心猕猴桃生产,其主要是发生在4月22日、5月6日、5月8日、5月9日的冰雹天气过程。为了探明2022年4月下旬至5月上旬4次冰雹天气过程对红心猕猴桃果实的影响,通过6次冰雹天气过程影响区的调查,获取冰雹特征数据和红心猕猴桃在4次冰雹灾害过程中的受灾情况,分析诱发冰雹天气发生的大气环流特征,并采用相关统计方法对4次冰雹灾害对红心猕猴桃造成的损失进行评估。结果表明：6次冰雹天气过程中,冰雹最大直径达20mm,但最大直径大多在10mm以下,其中水城区的冰雹最大直径较其他地区大,遭遇冰雹天气次数也最多。影响红心猕猴桃生产的4次冰雹天气过程的天气背景具有贵阳站的CAPE均远远大于威宁站、中低层相对湿度均在90%以上、中高层相对湿度均在80%左右的共同特点。4月22日、5月6日和5月9日冰雹天气发生前,500hPa均有浅槽、700hPa均有低涡切变线入侵贵州西部；5月8日冰雹天气发生前,500hPa和700hPa贵州西部均处于西太副高外围。4次冰雹灾害造成红心猕猴桃885.4hm2绝收,占其基地种植面积的9.04%；因冰雹灾害造成产量损失约1.33万t,直接经济损失19921.5万元。 |
| 关键词: 冰雹;环流背景;红心猕猴桃;产量;灾害损失 |
| DOI： |
| 投稿时间：2023-02-20修订日期：2023-05-10 |
| 基金项目:六盘水市计划项目52020-2021-01-03：六盘水红心猕猴桃生育关键期气象灾害风险防控技术集成与示范；贵州省市科技合作项目52020-2015-01-02：喀斯特山地立体特色农业的气候实验研究；贵州省科技计划项目黔科合NY字[2012]3020号：贵州红心猕猴桃精细化气候区划及主要病虫害气象预测预警系统研究。贵州省气象局科研业务登记项目（2020）03-11：气象条件对猕猴桃品质的影响研究。 |
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| Impact Analysis of Spring Hail Disaster on Red Cartridge Kiwifruit in Western Guizhou in 2022 |
| Chi Zaixinag,Zeng Xiaoshan,Chen Aozhang,LI Xiuya,Sun Xiang,Hu Qiuling |
| (Guizhou Institute of Mountainous Environment and Climate;Liupanshui Meteorological Bureau;Guizhou Liupanshui Academy of Agricultural Sciences) |
| Abstract: |
| Six hail weather processes occurred in western Guizhou from late April to early May 2022, and there were four hail disasters affected the red cartridge kiwifruit production seriously in western Guizhou. The four hail disasters occurred on 22 April, 6 May, 8 May, and 9 May. In order to investigate the effects of four hail weather processes from late April to early May 2022 on red cartridge kiwifruit, the characteristics data of six hail processes and the disaster situation of red cartridge kiwifruit by four hail disasters were obtained by the investigation of the regions affected by six hail weather processes. Both the characteristics of atmospheric circulation induced by hail weather were analyzed, and the loss of red cartridge kiwifruit caused by four hail disasters was assessed by statistical method. The results showed that the maximum hail diameter reached 20 mm, but most of the maximum hail diameter was below 10 mm, in six hail weather processes. Among them, both the maximum hail diameter in Shuicheng District was larger than that in other district, and the number of hail weather process was also the most. The weather background of the four hail weather processes affecting red cartridge kiwifruit production had the common characteristics that the value of CAPE of Guiyang station was much higher than that of Weining station, the relative humidity of middle-low levels was above 90%, and the relative humidity of middle-high levels was about 80%.Before the hail weather occurred on 22 April, 6 May and 9 May, shallow trough at 500hPa and low vortex shear line at 700hPa was observed in western Guizhou. Before the hail weather occurred on 8 May, west Guizhou was in the periphery of the West Pacific Subtropical High at 500hPa and 700hPa.Four hail disasters resulted 885.4 hectares of red cartridge kiwifruit demolished no harvest, and it accounts for 9.04% of base’s planting areas of red cartridge kiwifruit in western Guizhou. Due to four hail disaster, the yield loss of red cartridge kiwifruit was about 13,300 tons, and the direct economic loss was 199,215,000 yuan. |
| Key words: Hail; Circulation background; Red cartridge kiwifruit; Yield; Disaster loss |
