| 摘要: |
| 利用贵州西部牂牁镇等25个乡镇2016—2021年水稻大田生育期观测资料及同期温度资料，分析温度变化对贵州西部水稻各生育期的影响，结果表明：贵州西部水稻在大田从移栽到收获完毕需要145~178 d，积温超过3300 ℃·d即可满足全生育期需求；水稻在大田从移栽到开始收获平均需要125 d，比贵州东部偏长22 d，且积温超过2500 ℃·d即可满足生育期需求。水稻移栽返青期需要积温430 ℃·d以上，分蘖期需要积温450 ℃·d左右，拔节孕穗期需要积温490 ℃·d以上，抽穗开花期需要积温470 ℃·d以上，灌浆成熟期需要积温在330 ℃·d以上。在水稻分蘖期间，温度变幅较大、变化较快，容易造成水稻分蘖速度缓慢。在水稻抽穗开花期间，持续5 d日平均温度在23 ℃以下，将导致水稻抽穗开花期时间延长。在水稻灌浆成熟期间，如果持续4 d日平均温度在25 ℃以上，将造成水稻灌浆成熟期时间缩短。温度高、种植面积少，水稻在大田生育期所需要的时间就短；反之，所需要的时间就长。 |
| 关键词: 积温；水稻；生育期；影响；贵州西部 |
| DOI： |
| 投稿时间：2021-12-16 |
| 基金项目:中国科协创新驱动助力工程项目（2017ZLGC004）：马铃薯晚疫病气象预测预警系统及其应用 |
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| Effects of Temperature Changes on Field Growth Periods of Rice in Western Guizhou in Recent 6 Years |
| CHEN Jinmei,CHI Zaixiang,TANG Cui,CHEN Aozhang,LI Guiqiong |
| (Liupanshui Meteorological Bureau of Guizhou Province, Liupanshui 553000 ,China;Liupanshui Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Guizhou Province, Liupanshui 553000 , China;Panzhou Meteorological Bureau of Guizhou Province, Panzhou 553537 , China) |
| Abstract: |
| Based on the observation data of rice field growth period from 2016 to 2021 and the temperature data in the same period in 25 towns and townships such as Zangke town in western Guizhou, the effects of the temperature change on each growth period of rice are analyzed. The results show that：it takes 145~178 days for rice in western Guizhou from transplanting to harvest, and the accumulated temperature of more than 3300 ℃·d can meet the needs of rice in the whole growth period of field. It takes an average of 125 days from transplanting to harvesting in the field, which is 22 days longer than that in eastern Guizhou, and the accumulated temperature exceeds 2500 ℃·d, which can meet the needs of rice in the field growth period. The accumulated temperature of rice needs to be more than 430 ℃·d at the transplanting and rejuvenation stage, about 450 ℃·d at the tillering stage, more than 490 ℃·d at the jointing and booting stage, more than 470 ℃·d at the heading and flowering stage, and more than 330 ℃·d at the grain filling maturity stage. During tillering stage of rice, the temperature changes greatly and rapidly, it is easy to cause slow tillering speed of rice. During rice heading and flowering, if the daily average temperature is below 23 ℃ for 5 days, the time of rice heading and flowering will be prolonged. During the grain filling maturity period, if the daily average temperature is above 25 ℃ for 4 days, the grain filling maturity period of rice will be shortened. With high temperature and small planting area, the time required for rice to grow in the field is short. On the contrary, it takes a long time. |
| Key words: accumulated temperature； rice； growth periods； effects； western Guizhou |
