| 摘要: |
| 本文利用2005-2014年丰都县地面天气、探空数据、NCEP 1°1°FNL再分析资料等，对丰都其地区冰雹、雷暴大风、短时强降水这三类强对流天气特征进行统计分析，得出这三类强对流天气的时空分布特征，并从天气个例出发，利用实况资料对强对流天气的差异进行分析，为强对流天气的预警预报提供参考。得到如下结果：短时强降水通常出现在5-9月，大风通常出现在5-8月，冰雹通常出现南部的七跃山脉和北部的蒋家山和黄草山脉附近[1]，2005-2014年间总共出现了7次，3-8月均有发生。通过计算三种强对流天气环境场参量，归纳出三者物理量参数的差异：大气可将水量、?T500-T850，K指数、抬升指数（LI）、相对湿度、散度场分布等在冰雹、短时强降水和大风天气中有明显的差异，冰雹和短时强降水的?T500-T850相差了近5℃,大风天气的值介于冰雹和短时强降水之间，大气可将水量分布上，短时强降水的大气可将水量（PW）平均值为58mm，比冰雹值大约多了10mm，比大风值多了14mm。短时强降水出现时几乎整层都是处于饱和的状态，冰雹和大风天气几乎只在中低层有较饱和的水汽，而高层的相对湿度平均值在40-50%左右。对流指数方面，K指数和LI指数都很好的指示了强对流天气的发生，K指数在短时强降水发生时其平均值在39.8℃左右，较冰雹和大风分别高1.6℃和3℃。短时强降水出现环流位置大多位于600hPA以下，而冰雹则在300hPA左右，大风在400hPa左右。 |
| 关键词: 短时强对流天气、物理量参数、时空分布 |
| DOI： |
| 投稿时间：2018-12-18修订日期：2019-04-20 |
| 基金项目:重庆市青年基金项目 |
|
| The characteristic analysis of convection weather in Fengdu County |
| wuwenjing |
| (fengdu country weather bureau) |
| Abstract: |
| Using the Fengdu county surface data from 2005-2014、NCEPreanalysis data and the data from balloons etc in this article.analysis the character of the hail,short-time heavy rain and gale.resulting the spatio-temporal Distribution characteristics of the three strong convective weather.In order to provide the information for the convective warning .IT is concluded that the differences from the three kinds of strong convective weather are followings：hail usually happened from March to August，and May to September is the period time of short-time heavy rain，and the May to August is the frequent period of gale. Hail mainly occurs in fengdu county in the south of the Qiyue mountains and the north of the Jiangjia、Huangcao mountains nearby. By counting the environment index of the three kind of convective weather,the resulting show the difference:PWV,?T500-T850、K、Li index、Relative humidity, Divergence field distribution has the big different in hail ,short-time heavy rain and gale.especially the value of ?T500-T850，the figure has 5℃ between hail and short-time heavy rain.But the gale ‘s value is between hail and short-time heavy rain.On the distribution of water vapour in the atmosphere, the PWV in the atmosphere of short-time heavy rain is 58mm, about 10mm more than the hail value and 14mm more than the gale value.The atmosphere in all layer are full of water vapour in short-time heavy rain，but the hail and gale has a mount of water vapor Close to the ground，and the high level is just about 40-50%。Convection index the K and LI is well Indicates the Convection weather，the average of k index in short-time heavy rain is about 39.8℃，respectively 1.6℃ and 3℃more than gale and hail.The Atmospheric circulation located in of short-time heavy precipitation is mostly below 600hPa, while the hail is around 300hPA and the gale is around 400hPa. |
| Key words: convectionweather、physical;index、spatial;and temporal;distribution |
