| 摘要: |
| 【 目的】为分析贵州 2020 年 12 月 13—21 日冻雨天气过程的时空分布、气象要素、积冰厚度和大气层结变化特 征。【方法】利用贵州省 84 个国家级自动气象站气温、相对湿度、风速、降水量等分钟数据，威宁梅花山、开阳和万山冻雨测量 仪观测资料，贵阳和威宁探空观测资料，采用统计分析法和云顶计算方法，对该次冻雨过程的时空分布、气象要素、积冰厚度 和大气层结进行了分析。【结果】(1)该次冻雨主要分布于贵州西部、中部和东南部，平均温度 - 4 ~ 0 ℃ , 其中，梅花山冻雨持续时间长达 9 d , 小时内累计积冰厚度最大达到 0 . 8 mm; (2)该次冻雨过程的形成机制为暖雨机制；(3)冻雨主要发生过程中，冻雨测量仪观测冻雨与人工观测冻雨的一致性较好；(4)该次冻雨过程开阳站冻雨测量仪观测到冻雨的开始时间比用风速变 为 0 m ·s - 1 来推测冻雨的开始时间早 21 min , 开阳的最低温度为 - 5 . 1 ℃ , 最大风速为 5 . 1 m ·s - 1 , 相对湿度最小为 95% , 日降水量最大为 1 . 4 mm , 日累计积冰厚度最厚为 3 . 27 mm;每日积冰增长期分为 2 个阶段，积冰增长期温度主要维持在 - 3 . 1 ℃左右，平均风速为 2 . 2 m s - 1 , 相对湿度≥98% 。【结论】冻雨测量仪能观测冻雨的开始时间、积冰厚度和结束时间，可为贵州 省冬季冻雨预报提供服务。 |
| 关键词: 冻雨；时空分布；气象要素；积冰厚度；大气层结 |
| DOI： |
| 投稿时间：2023-11-07修订日期：2024-09-12 |
| 基金项目:贵州省气象局省市联合科研基金项目（黔气科合 SS〔2023〕02 号）；中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2024J057) ; 中国气象局气象探测中心观测试验项目(GCSYJH23 - 15) : ; 贵州省科技支撑项目（黔科合支撑〔2023〕一般 165) |
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| Analysis of Spatio-temporal Distribution and Ice Thickness of a Freezing Rain Process in Guizhou |
| LI Cuicui,SHI Yuanzhe,WANG Xiaolan,REN Hengyi,ZHANG Husheng,XU Ping |
| (Guizhou Meteorological Data Center;Meteorological Observation Center , CMA) |
| Abstract: |
| To analyze the spatio-temporal distribution , meteorological elements , ice thickness , and atmospheric stratification characteristics of the freezing rain weather process in Guizhou Province from December 13 to 21 , 2020 , by using the minutely observation data of temperature , relative humidity , wind speed and precipitation amount from 84 national automatic weather stations in Guizhou Province , the observation data from freezing rain gauges at the Meihua Mountain , Kaiyang and Wanshan stations , and the sounding data from Guiyang and Weining stations , this article analyzes the spatial and temporal distribution , meteorological elements , ice thickness , and atmospheric stratification of this freezing rain process by means of the statistical analysis and cloud top calculation methods . The results show that : ( 1 ) This freezing rain event mainly occurred in the western , central and southeastern parts of Guizhou with an average temperature of - 4 to 0℃ . Among them , the freezing rain in Meihua Mountain lasted for 9 days , and the hourly maximum accumulated ice thickness reached 0 . 8 mm. ( 2 ) The formation mechanism of this freezing rain process was the warm rain mechanism. (3) During the main process of freezing rain , there was a good consistency of freezing rain observation between the freezing rain measuring instruments and the manual observation . (4)The freezing rain measuring instrument at Kaiyang Station observed that the start time of freezing rain was 21 min earlier than the estimation for which wind speed was increased to 0 m · s - 1 . In Kaiyang , the minimum temperature was - 5 . 1℃ , the maximum wind speed was 5 . 1 m · s - 1 , the minimum relative humidity was 85% , the maximum daily precipitation was 1 . 4 mm and the maximum accumulated ice thickness was 3 . 27 mm. The daily ice accumulation period was divided into two stages . The temperature in the ice accumulation mainly maintained at around - 3 . 1℃ , with the average wind speed being 2 . 2 m · s - 1 and the relative humidity ≥ 98% . In conclusion , the freezing rain measuring instrument can observe the start time , ice thickness , and end time of freezing rain , and can provide services for winter freezing rain forecasting in Guizhou province . |
| Key words: reezing rain; spatio-temporal distribution; meteorological element; ice thickness; atmospheric strat- ification |
