| 摘要: |
| 为了评估2021粮油作物生长季内气象条件对农业生产的影响，根据贵州84个观测站的气温、降水、日照3个气象要素的变化特点，结合作物生物学特性对气象的要求，并与历史同期气象条件进行对比，结论为：（1）夏收粮油农业气象条件利弊相当，属于正常气候年景：生长季内光热条件适宜；出苗期受秋绵雨影响，苗情偏弱；关键生育期前期，光温水匹配良好，利于产量形成，后期受两个旬的低温阴雨寡照天气影响，不利于灌浆，随后天气转好，作物恢复生长，气象条件有利于收获晾晒。（2）秋粮作物农业气象条件利大于弊，属于较好气候年景：生长季内光温水匹配良好，作物生长后期气象条件优于生长前期；营养生长期受2次低温阴雨寡照天气影响，苗情略偏弱，随后天气转好，生殖生长期光温充足，夏旱偏轻发生，利于秋粮作物生长发育和单产提升。 |
| 关键词: 小麦；油菜；水稻；玉米；农业气象评价 |
| DOI： |
| 投稿时间：2022-05-26修订日期：2022-07-15 |
| 基金项目: |
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| Agrometeorological assessment of major grain and oil crops during the growing season in Guizhou in 2021 |
| yangshiqiong,TAN Wen,ZUO Jin |
| (Guizhou Institute of mountain environment and climate) |
| Abstract: |
| Based on the data from 84 meteorological stations in Guizhou, the changes in the three meteorological elements of temperature, precipitation and sunlight during the growing season of major grain and oil crops were analyzed, combined with the biological property of the crops on the meteorological requirements, and the same period of history comparison of meteorological conditions to assess the impact of meteorological conditions on agricultural production during the growing season of the 2021.The conclusions were as follows:(1)The agroclimate performance of grain and oil crops during the growing season has advantages and disadvantages：Sunshine and temperature conditions are suitable in the growing season; the seedling stage is affected by the autumn rain, and the seedling condition is weak;In the early stage of the key growth period of crops, the matching of sunshine, temperature and precipitation is good, which is conducive to the formation of yield. However, in the later stage, it is affected by the low temperature and rainy weather for two ten days, which is not conducive to crop filling. After that, the weather improves and the crops resume growth. The overall meteorological conditions are good. Good for harvesting and drying.(2)The advantages of agro-meteorological conditions during the growth period of autumn crops outweigh the disadvantages, and they belong to a better climate year: the sunshine, temperature, and precipitation are well matched during the growth period, and the meteorological conditions in the later stage of crop growth are better than those in the early stage of growth; Affected by the cloudy and rainy weather, the seedling situation was slightly weaker, and then the weather improved, the light and temperature in the reproductive and growth period were sufficient, and the drought in summer was mild, which was conducive to the growth and development of autumn crops and the increase of unit yield. |
| Key words: wheat; rape; rice; maize; agrometeorological assessment |
