| 摘要: |
| 新型探测资料在强对流短临预报中发挥着重要作用.该文以2020年3月22日湘北地区春季一次冰雹过程为研究对象，运用多普勒天气雷达、风廓线雷达和地基微波辐射计等新型探测资料对该过程观测分析。结果表明：①此次过程发生在冷空气南下与南支槽前暖湿空气交汇背景下，受中低层切变线与急流影响，冰雹风暴生成前回暖明显，环境垂直风切变大；风暴由地面辐合线触发产生。②此次超级单体降雹过程在雷达回波中表现出“三体散射”、“V型缺口”、中气旋等特征；VIL、低仰角大风速核对冰雹、大风预警有很好的指示。③风廓线雷达探测到，风暴影响前超低空急流加强，中层有干侵入，低层垂直速度出现波动，风暴临近时超低空急流减弱。④地基微波辐射计监测发现，风暴影响前高空湿度增大，K指数、TT指数呈同趋势变化，而K指数预警灵敏度高于TT指数；风暴影响阶段，高空温度、相对湿度和大气不稳定指数出现不同程度跃升和突降。 |
| 关键词: 冰雹；雷达；风廓线；地基微波辐射计 |
| DOI： |
| 投稿时间：2021-04-24修订日期：2021-06-22 |
| 基金项目:湖南省气象局2020年预报员专项（XQKJ20C006）:风廓线雷达资料在天气分析中的应用。 |
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| Observational analysis of a hailstorm event in spring in northern Hunan based on multi-source data |
| ZHU JIALIANG,Pang Jiangping,Qiu LIjing,LYU Yuan |
| (Changsha Bureau of Meteorology;Shaoyang Bureau of Meteorology) |
| Abstract: |
| The new detection data play an important role in the forecast of short-term and upcoming severe convection. In this paper, a hailstorm occurred in spring in northern Hunan on March 22, 2020 (Beijing time, the same below), and new detection data such as Doppler weather radar, wind profile radar and ground-based microwave radiometer were used to observe and analyze the hailstorm process. The results show that :① The hailstorm occurred under the background of the convergence of the cold air and the warm and humid air in front of the south branch trough, due to the influence of the middle and low-level shear lines and jets, the warming up before the hail storm is obvious, and the vertical wind shear of the environment is large; the storm is triggered by the ground convergence line. ② The supercell hail process showed the characteristics of "three-body scattering", "V-shaped gap", and medium cyclone in the radar echo; VIL, low elevation angle and high wind speed check have good indications for hail and high wind warning. ③ The wind profiler radar detected that the ultra-low-level jet stream strengthened before the impact of the storm, and the low-level vertical velocity fluctuated. When the storm approaches, the ultra-low-level jet stream weakens, and there is dry intrusion in the middle layer. ④ Ground-based microwave radiometer monitoring found that the altitude humidity increased before the storm, K index and TT index showed the same trend, and the warning sensitivity of K index was higher than that of TT index; during the storm''s impact phase, the upper-air temperature, relative humidity and atmospheric stability index all increased and decreased to varying degrees. |
| Key words: hailstorm;radar; wind profiler; microwave radiometer |
