| 摘要: |
| 【目的】为分析铜仁区域短时强降水极端阈值及分布特征。【方法】利用铜仁区域内10个国家级台站2006—2022年3—11月逐日逐时降水资料，分别挑选1 h、2 h、3 h降水极值和次极值进行升序排列，基于第95个百分位的基本方法综合判定阈值，通过常规统计结果判定其分布特征。【结果】1 h降水量≥25 mm、2 h降水量≥40 mm、3 h降水量≥50 mm均可作为铜仁区域短时强降水的阈值。松桃是铜仁市短时强降水的高值中心，江口为次中心。西部5县和东部的万山6月份为短时强降水高发月份；东部松桃、碧江、玉屏7月为高发月份，江口以8月为主。铜仁区域短时强降水主要集中在5—8月，占总日数的84.4%，且67.3%的短时强降水以单站形式出现，短时强降水的局地性明显。铜仁发生短时强降水以夜间为主，江口最为明显，短时强降水夜间频数与短时强降水总频数之比达到84.9%，夜间短时强降水量与短时强降水总量之比达到86.5%，短时强降水较降水总量的夜雨性更为明显。【结论】该研究对深入了解铜仁区域短时强降水作了有益的探索，对科学制定强降水“三个叫应”指标和防灾减灾具有一定的指导意义。 |
| 关键词: GB/T 33669-2017改进；短时强降水阈值；短时强降水事件；时空分布 |
| DOI： |
| 投稿时间：2023-05-29 |
| 基金项目: |
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| Threshold Values and Spatio-temporal Distribution of Short-time Heavey Precipitation in Tongren City |
| XIE Renbo,HE Lihong,FU Qing,DAI Ruihua |
| (Yinjiang Meteorological Station of Guizhou Province, Yinjiang 555200 , China;Tongren Meteorological Office of Guizhou province, Tongren 554300 , China) |
| Abstract: |
| This article analyzed the extreme thresholds and distribution characteristics of short-time heavy precipitation in Tongren region by using the daily and hourly precipitation data of 10 national weather stations in Tongren region from March to November of 2006—2022. The precipitation extremes and sub-extremes of 1 h, 2 h and 3 h were selected separately and arranged in ascending order, the threshold values were determined comprehensively based on the basic method of the 95th percentile, and their distribution characteristics were determined by conventional statistical results. The analysis results indicate that the precipitation ≥25 mm in 1 h, ≥40 mm in 2 h and ≥50 mm in 3 h can all be used as the thresholds of short-time severe precipitation in Tongren region, where Songtao is the largest value center of short-time heavy precipitation and Jiangkou is the second largest value center. June is the month for the five counties in the west of Tongren and the Wanshan County in the east to have high frequency of short-time severe precipitation, but for the Songtao County, Bijiang District and Yuping County in the east, July is the month to experience short-time severe precipitation most frequently, while Jiangkou County has most frequent short-time severe precipitation in August. In Tongren, the short-time heavy rainfalls mainly occur from May to August, accounting for 84.4% of the annual total days, and 67.3% of the short-time heavy rainfalls occur at single stations, which shows the locality features obviously. In addition, short-time heavy precipitation mainly occurs at night in Tongren region, especially in Jiangkou County. The ratio of nighttime frequency of short-term heavy precipitation to the total frequency of short-term heavy precipitation is 84.9%, and the ratio of nighttime heavy precipitation to the total amount of short-term heavy precipitation reaches 86.5%.The night rainfall feature of short-time severe rainfall is more obvious than the total precipitation. In summary, this study has made a useful exploration for understanding the short-time heavy precipitation in Tongren region, and provides a guidance for formulating the "three responses" indexes of severe precipitation as well as preventing disasters and reducing damages. |
| Key words: GB/T 33669-2017 improvement； threshold of short-time severe precipitation； short-time severe precipitation event； spatial and temporal distribution |
