| 摘要: |
| 【目的】在极端天气频发的气候背景下，有必要进一步分析习水县暴雨天气时空分布特征。【方法】利用1959—2022年贵州省习水国家基本气象站逐日降水资料、2010—2022年24个乡镇区域站日降水资料，运用统计学及空间插值等方法，对习水县的暴雨时空分布特征及成因进行分析。【结果】习水县暴雨多发生在习水河谷和赤水河谷的迎风坡及东部喇叭口地形区域，空间分布特征为北多南少；年区域性暴雨日数呈增长趋势；区域性暴雨月变化呈“单峰”型分布特征，主要出现在5—9月，占比94%；区域性大暴雨日数月分布呈“双峰”型分布，峰值在6月、8月。习水县暴雨具有明显日变化特征，夜雨特征明显，大暴雨夜雨占比81.1%；区域性暴雨天气过程主要降水时段集中在19时—次日06时，占比76.9%。习水从春季至秋季都有暴雨出现，暴雨日数频次大值区自西向东移动，夏季暴雨出现最多，占比69%。将造成区域性暴雨天气的影响系统分为低涡切变型、冷锋低槽型、梅雨锋型、台风外围型等4种类型。低涡切变型产生暴雨最多，占比77.3%。【结论】习水县暴雨空间分布呈北多南少，区域性暴雨主要出现在5—9月，夜雨特征明显，该研究成果可为更好地开展习水县暴雨灾害性天气预报及气象服务工作提供参考。 |
| 关键词: 暴雨特征；成因分析；习水县 |
| DOI： |
| 投稿时间：2023-08-21 |
| 基金项目:贵州省气象局科研业务登记项目（黔气科登〔2019〕06-10号） |
|
| Analysis of Rainstorm Characteristics and Causes in Xishui County of Guizhou Province |
| XIAO Yuxia,ZHANG Yanmei,JIAN Hao,SHI Fang,LI Li |
| (Bozhou Meteorological Station of Zunyi City,Guizhou Province,Zunyi 563100 ,China;Guizhou Meteorological Observatory,Guiyang 550002 ,China;Xishui Meteorological Station of Guizhou Province,Zunyi 564600 ,China) |
| Abstract: |
| This paper aims to reveal the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of heavy precipitation weather in Xishui County, Guizhou Province, under the background of frequent extreme weather. Based on daily precipitation data of the national basic meteorological station in Xishui County during 1959—2022 and daily precipitation data of 24 township stations from 2010 to 2022, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and causes of heavy rainfalls in Xishui County are analyzed by using statistics and spatial interpolation methods. The results show that heavy rainfalls in Xishui County mostly occur in the windward slopes of Xishui Valley and Chishui Valley as well as the eastern trumpet topography area, more in the north and less in the south. The annual regional rainstorm days is in a "unimodal"pattern. The monthly variation of regional rainstorm has obvious normal distribution characteristics, mainly appearing from May to September, accounting for 94%. The monthly distribution of regional heavy rainstorm days is in a "double peak" pattern, and the peak value is in June and August. The heavy rainfall in Xishui County has obvious diurnal variation characteristics, and the nighttime rainstorm accounts for 81.1%. The regional rainstorm processes are mainly concentrated in 19∶00—06∶00, accounting for 76.9%. There are torrential rains from spring to autumn in Xishui, and the maximum frequency of heavy rain days moves from west to east, of which summer has the most rainstorms, taking up 69%. The influence systems that cause regional heavy rain weather are divided into four types: low vortex shear type, cold front low trough type, Meiyu front type and typhoon peripheral type. The low vortex shear type generates rainstorm most, accounting for 77.3%. In summary, the spatial distribution of rainstorms in Xishui County is more in the north and less in the south. The regional heavy rain mainly occurs from May to September, with obvious characteristics of nighttime rainfall. The research results of this paper could provide a reference for heavy rain and severe weather forecast and meteorological service in Xishui County. |
| Key words: rainstorm characteristics； cause analysis； Xishui County |
