| 摘要: |
| 为评估2020年粮油作物生长季内气象条件对农业生产的影响，根据贵州84个观测站气温、降水、日照3个气象要素的变化特点，结合作物生物学特性对气象的要求，与历史同期气象条件进行对比，结论为：①夏收粮油农业气象条件利弊相当，属于正常气候年景：生长季内热量条件充足，降水量和日照时数接近常年同期或偏多30%~40%，总体上光温水匹配良好。春旱影响轻，有利于夏收粮油作物稳健生长和产量形成；但冰雹灾害偏重及倒春寒天气的发生造成局地小麦、油菜等作物产量和品质受损。②秋收粮油作物农业气象条件弊大于利，属于中等略差气候年景：生长季内热量充足，日照时数大部接近常年同期，但雨水偏多且时空分布不匀，省之中部大部、西北部等地玉米、高粱移栽进度因旱受阻，入汛后13次区域性暴雨过程诱发洪涝灾害，且发生了自1961年以来最强的秋绵雨天气，严重影响水稻颗粒归仓和品质。 |
| 关键词: 小麦；油菜；水稻；玉米；农业气候评价 |
| DOI： |
| 投稿时间：2021-06-21 |
| 基金项目:贵州省优质特色粮食产业发展专项（[2021]6号）：贵州省农业气象灾害风险评估 |
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| Agroclimatic Assessment of Major Grain and Oil Crops during the Growing Season in Guizhou in 2020 |
| ZENG Xiaoshan,TAN Wen,YANG Shiqiong,CHEN Fang,ZUO Jin,CHEN Zhongyun |
| (Guizhou Institute of Mountainous Environment and Climate,Guiyang 550002 ,China) |
| Abstract: |
| Based on the data from 84 meteorological stations in Guizhou, the changes in the three meteorological elements of temperature, precipitation and sunlight during the growing season of major grain and oil crops were analyzed. Combined with the biological property of the crops on the meteorological requirements and the same period of history comparison of meteorological conditions, the impact of meteorological conditions on agricultural production during the growing season of the 2020 was assessed. The conclusions are as follows:①During the growing season of summer harvest crops in Guizhou in 2020, the heat conditions was sufficient, and the precipitation and the sunshine hours were close to the normal level or were 30 to 40 percent more. On the whole, the light, temperature and water conditions were matched well, and the effect of drought disaster in spring was light, which was conducive to the growth and yield formation of summer harvest crops. However, the serious hail disasters and the occurrence of spring cold weather affected the yield and quality of wheat, rape and other crops of some area. In conclusion, the climate conditions during the growing season of summer harvest crops in Guizhou in 2020 had similar advantages and disadvantages, and belonged to normal climate type. ② During the growing season of Autumn harvest crops in Guizhou in 2020, the heat conditions was sufficient, the sunshine hours of most regions was close to the normal level, but the precipitation was above normal level and maldistribution. For example, the drought in spring in the central and northwestern parts of the province had influenced the transplanting time and area, and that regional rainstorm had occurred thirteen times in flood season which caused flood disasters. In particular, the strongest autumn rain weather occurred since 1961, which seriously affected rice yield and quality. On the whole, the disadvantages of agrometeorological conditions during the growing season of autumn harvest crops in Guizhou in 2020 were more than advantages, and belonging to the climate type with medium deviation. |
| Key words: wheat； rape； rice； maize； agroclimatical assessment |
