| 摘要: |
| 在开展贵州山区多个机场选址气候可行性论证的基础上，研究各类气象条件与机场选址的关系，对影响贵州山区航空气象因子的关键性进行分级，并利用2015—2018年黔北德江机场露青场址的临时气象站观测资料，对露青场址的关键性为1级的航空气象因子进行分析。研究结果表明：①贵州山区机场选址气象因子关键性等级可划分为3级，第1级包含风、低能见度、低云和雷暴，对机场建设和飞机飞行影响最大；第2级包含气温、降水、雾，对机场的建设运行或对第1级指标有直接影响；第3级包含气压、相对湿度等，是场址工程设计参考要素。②露青场址主导风向明显，以低风速为主，对确定跑道方向和长度较为有利；能见度＜1 000 m的频率冬季最大，夏季最低，其中1—3月和12月出现频率大于15%；低云量大于4/8且云高＜60 m出现频率低于2%，出现频率较低，对流云主要集中在5—9月；年雷暴日数为26 d，主要集中在3—8月。低能见度、低云和雷暴气象条件对飞机飞行有一定影响，但可通过合理安排飞行时段来避免不利影响。总体来说，在关键航空气象因子方面，露青场址是较为理想的机场选址。 |
| 关键词: 机场选址；关键气象因子；风；低能见度；低云；雷暴 |
| DOI： |
| 投稿时间：2020-06-04 |
| 基金项目: |
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| Analysis of Key Aviation Meteorological Factors of in the Site Selection of Guizhou Mountainous Airport ——Taking Dejiang Luqing Airport as an Example |
| DING Liguo,SHUAI Shizhang,LI Xiao,WANG Xing,MA Xundan |
| (Guizhou Climate Center, Guiyang 550002 , China) |
| Abstract: |
| Based on the climate feasibility demonstration of the location of multiple airports in Guizhou mountainous area,the relationship between various meteorological conditions and airport site selection was studied, and the meteorological factors affecting aviation in Guizhou mountainous area were graded. The observation data of the temporary weather station at Luqing airport in Qianbei Dejiang from 2015 to 2018 were used to analyze the critical aviation meteorological factors.The results show that: ①The key levels of meteorological factors for airport site selection in Guizhou mountainous areas can be divided into three levels, The first level includes wind, low visibility, low clouds and thunderstorms, which have the greatest impact in the airplane flight and the airport construction, The second level includes temperature, precipitation and fog. The construction and operation of the airport may have a direct impact on the first level indicators, and the third level includes air pressure, relative humidity, etc. which are reference elements for the designation of site engineering design.②The dominant wind direction is obvious, and the wind speed is mainly low wind speed, which is more advantageous for determining the direction and length of the runway; Visibility being less than 1 000 m is the highest frequency in winter and the lowest in summer, and the frequency in January-March and December is more than 15%. The occurrence frequency of low cloud cover ＞4/8 and cloud height ＜60 m is less than 2%, which is relatively low. Convective clouds are mainly concentrated from May to September.The annual number of thunderstorm days is 26, mainly from March to August.Low visibility, low clouds and thunderstorm weather conditions have certain effects on aircraft flight, but the adverse effects can be avoided by reasonably arranging flight time. Generally speaking, in terms of key aviation weather factors, Luqing site is an ideal airport site. |
| Key words: airport site selection；key meteorological factors；the wind；low visibility；low clouds；thunderstorm |
