| 摘要: |
| 利用西南区域11个探空站数据及地面常规观测资料，对2010～2020年196次暴雨过程中表征水汽、热力不稳定、动力条件的10种物理量参数进行统计分析，基于箱线图提取了一些有利于暴雨发生的环境参数阈值。结果表明：（1）对流层中低层近饱和的大气和比湿高值是该区域暴雨发生的有利条件之一；（2）沙氏指数在各季节的阈值均较低，对流有效位能在盛夏时值较高，多对流性暴雨，而初秋对其要求不高，多稳定性暴雨；（3）初夏和盛夏对最大上升速度的要求明显大于初秋，而能量螺旋度主要在初夏才有一定要求。 |
| 关键词: 西南区域暴雨；探空资料；环境参数；箱线图；阈值 |
| DOI： |
| 投稿时间：2020-12-29修订日期：2021-08-31 |
| 基金项目:（CMACXTD002-3）、西南区域重大科研业务项目（西南区域2014-3）、贵州省气象局科研业务项目（黔气科登[2020]03-08号） |
|
| Statistical analysis of the environmental parameters of heavy rainfall in Southwest China based on sounding observation |
| GU Tianhong,DU Xiaoling,LI Li |
| (Guizhou Meteorological Observatory) |
| Abstract: |
| 11 physical parameters including water vapor,energy,dynamics and unstable conditions were studied by using sounding data and conventional observation data for 196 heavy rainfall cases in Southwest China from 2010 to 2020. The thresholds of key environmental parameters conducive to heavy rainfall cases are extracted with box and whisker plots.The conclusions are shown as follows: :(1) The nearly saturated atmosphere and high specific humidity in the middle and lower troposphere are one of the favorable conditions for the occurrence of rainstorm in this region; (2) The threshold value of SI is lower in all seasons.The value of CAPE is higher in mid-summer, and convective rainstorms are more common, while stable rainstorms are more common in early autumn；(3) The requirements for EHI in early summer and mid-summer are obviously higher than those in early autumn, while EHI is only required in early summer. |
| Key words: Heavy rainfall in the southwest China; Sounding observation data; Environmental parameters; Box plot;Threshold value |
