| 摘要: |
| 利用铜仁市10个国家观测站2009-2018年逐日平均温度和最低温度，统计分析出近十年发生20次寒潮天气过程，对其分布特征及环流形势作分析，得出：（1）近十年寒潮总体空间分布上看，多发生在铜仁市东南部地区，万山镇出现次数最多；（2）从季节分布上看，寒潮多发于冬季和春季，尤其是2月次数达到峰值；（3）冷空气从关键区南下入侵铜仁市的路径分为Ⅰ型东北路径（21%）、Ⅱ型东北路径（68%）、Ⅲ型东北+西北路径（11%）。（4）寒潮爆发的环流形势主要为经向型（42%）、纬向型（32%）和横槽型（26%）。（5）海拔高度是影响寒潮分布的重要因子，但不是唯一因子，跟地理位置和地形分布均有关；热低压的发展使得前期气温升高，是冷空气影响造成剧烈降温形成寒潮天气的重要原因。 |
| 关键词: 寒潮;时空分布;环流分型;成因分析 |
| DOI： |
| 投稿时间：2019-12-05修订日期：2020-12-01 |
| 基金项目:贵州省气象局科研业务项目《铜仁市寒潮特征分析及预报指标》黔气科登[2019]03-01号和《基于气候变化的梵净山水资源响应事实分析》省科技厅项目黔科合基础[2018]1158 |
|
| Cold wave weather situation and cause analysis in Tongren City |
| huping,Ran Xianguo,Yang Qun,Nie Yun,Zhang Lijuan,Cai Chengyao |
| (Tongren Weather Bureau;Meteorological Bureau of Yanhe County, Guizhou Province;Meteorological Bureau of Tongren City, Guizhou Province) |
| Abstract: |
| Using the daily average and minimum temperatures of 10 national observatories in Tongren City from 2009 to 2018, statistically analyze the 20 cold wave weather processes that occurred in the past ten years, and analyze their distribution characteristics and circulation situation to obtain: (1) nearly ten In terms of the overall spatial distribution of the annual cold wave, it mostly occurs in the southeastern area of ??Tongren City, and Wanshan Town has the most occurrences; (2) From the seasonal distribution, the cold wave occurs more frequently in winter and spring, especially in February, the peak frequency; (3 ) The path of cold air invading Tongren City from the south of the key area is divided into type Ⅰ northeast path (21%), type Ⅱ northeast path (68%), type Ⅲ northeast + northwest path (11%); cold air goes south from Henan- North Hunan invaded the east of Tongren City, including Type Ⅰ and Type II paths. In addition to the Type Ⅲ path invading the east of Tongren City from Henan-Northern Hunan, a part of it invaded the west of Tongren City from central Sichuan through northwest Guizhou. (4) The general circulation situation of the eruption of the cold wave is mainly meridian type accounted for 42%, weft type accounted for 32% and transverse groove type accounted for 26%. (5) Altitude is an important factor that affects the distribution of cold waves, but it is not the only factor; the development of hot and low pressure makes the early temperature rise, which is an important reason for the severe cooling caused by cold air. |
| Key words: cold wave; spatial and temporal distribution; circulation classification; cause analysis |
