This paper focuses on the research of whether the time and location of artificial hail prevention operation are appropriate. The optimization design of shooting parameters and operation mode of artificial hail prevention operation has important guiding significance and application value to improve the accuracy of explosion which is conducted in the target area of artificial hail prevention operation. Taking the hail prevention in central_ western Guizhou on April 21, 2018 as a study case, through combining operation conditions and projectile trajectory parameters and analyzing three operational modes, this paper identifies optimal timing and target areas, and proposes technical methods for operational optimization including suitable time windows, shooting parameters, optimal time slots, and coordinated operation timelines. Besides, retrospective analysis is conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of artificial hail prevention operations. The results are as follows: When conducting artificial hail prevention operations, the optimal timing should be within the first 5 min of the initial operation period. The primary focus should be on the leading edge of the convective cell 's movement direction, which aligns with the initial hailfall timing and particle size distribution. For individual convective cells, the approach should prioritize gradual secondary operations while supplementing with multi_site synchronized operations. Real_time tracking and extrapolation are essential to estimate changes in the cell movement direction and speed, which directly influence the adjustment of firing positions and elevation angles during operations. The retrospective analysis and evaluation results show that single_site sequential operations exhibit significantly higher operational efficiency and hit rates compared to multi_site synchronous operations, which is mainly depends on whether the operation timing is appropriate. During the 30 min period before and after the explosion, key radar parameters (echo intensity, altitude, water content, and volume) show the variation trends of decreasing, or increasing followed by decreasing. This variation pattern is consistent with post_explosion observations of rapidly declining echo peak heights in associated areas, confirming the effect of the explosion.