To reveal the distribution characteristics of extreme short_duration heavy rainfall in Guizhou Province, a statistical analysis is conducted on the spatio_temporal distribution characteristics of extreme short_ duration heavy rainfall during the flood season over the past 10 years based on the hourly precipitation data from automatic weather stations in Guizhou Province in 2014_2023, and the circulation backgrounds of such rainfall are explored by means of composite analysis. The results show that, annually, 321 station/times of extreme short_ duration heavy rainfall on average occur during the flood season in Guizhou Province, accounting for 6. 1% of all short_duration heavy rainfall events. These events are concentrated mainly from late May to mid_July, predominantly over the nighttime (20:00 - 05:00). Spatially, three high_incidence areas of such short_duration heavy rainfall are identified, that is, the eastern side of Mount Fanjing in northeastern Guizhou, the Qingshui River basin and the southwestern and southern sides of Mount Leigong in southeastern Guizhou, and the southern slopes of the western Miaoling area, the eastern slopes of southwestern Guizhou, the southwestern side of Wangmo, and the areas around Luodian and Changshun in southwestern Guizhou. In addition, significant intra_seasonal and diurnal variations of short_duration heavy rainfall have been observed, especially the single_peak diurnal variation feature is obvious, with the rainfall peak observed at 01:00. From evening to the next morning, the short_duration heavy rainfall distribution shows the shift from west to east. From April to June, the distribution has the trend from east to west, while from July to September, it contracts southwestward and eastward. Overall, the spatial distribution of extreme short_duration heavy rainfall is closely related to weather systems and topographic features. Differences in weather systems can influence the monthly spatial distribution of these events. The forced uplift, blocking, stagnation and convergence, which are caused by the topographic effect from windward slopes, valleys and horn_shaped basins, along with the distribution of downstream rivers, collectively enhance short_duration rainfall.