To ensure higher representativeness , accuracy and comparability of surface meteorological observation data , this article evaluates the stations measuring rainfall , temperature , humidity , air pressure and wind respectively based on the average station spacing and a 0 . 1 °× 0 . 1 °latitude-longitude grid to obtain the average station spacing and network coverage . The grids smaller than the OSCAR field breakthrough indicators are excluded , and stations are allocated into the blank grid area reasonably. The results show that :1) The average spacings between the meteorological stations in Qiannan Prefecture that observe rainfall , temperature , air pressure , humidity and wind are 7 . 97 , 8 . 48 , 14 . 14 , 12 . 64 , and 11 . 68 km , respectively. In the OSCAR climate monitoring field , all stations can meet the target requirements except those measuring winds . For short-time/nowcasting and high-resolution numerical prediction , all stations can reach the threshold requirements but fall short of breakthrough targets . 2) According to the planning , 210 micro-smart stations need to be added across the Qianxinan Prefecture , and 77 , 63 , 163 , 144 and 128 stations for observing rainfall , temperature , air pressure , humidity and wind need to be added to fill the observation gaps . This would raise the average spacings to 5 . 89 , 6 . 46 , 7 . 28 , 7 . 18 and 7 . 10 km , respectively , with an average station spacing of 5 . 89 km , which can meet the planning target of 5 . 9 km. The surface meteorological observation network coverage would be improved to 92% , 88% , 88% , 88% and 88% , respectively ,with an increase of 22% (rainfall) to 54% ( air pressure) , significantly reducing the blind zones of observation . This scientific assessment of the layout of the surface meteorological station network in Qiannan Prefecture is helpful for the proposal of optimization suggestions .