蓝莓休眠有效气温和需冷积温研究
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1.贵州省黔东南苗族侗族自治州气象局;2.贵州省黔东南苗族侗族自治州农业农村局

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贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑〔2018〕2360);黔东南州科技局项目(黔东南科合J字〔2019〕131号)。


Study on Effective Temperature and Chilling Accumulation Temperature During Dormancy of Blueberries
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1.Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Meteorological Office of Guizhou Province;2.Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Agriculture and Rural Office of Guizhou Province

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    摘要:

    【目的】为了研究与气象服务相一致的打破蓝莓自然休眠的界限温度和需冷积温。【方法】选择麻江兔眼蓝莓为研究对象,利用蓝莓物候实地观测资料及同期逐日气温观测资料,采用曲线法统计1~13 ℃每间隔1 ℃的界限温度初日和终日,采用活动积温法统计各界限温度终日到初日间的冷活动积温,求取其标准差和变异系数用以确定各冷活动积温的稳定性,选择变异系数绝对值与标准差绝对值差值最小的、80%通过率的冷活动积温为麻江兔眼蓝莓最适宜需冷积温,其对应有界限温度为最有效休眠上限温度。【结果】蓝莓休眠适宜气温存在年际间差异,且随休眠期平均气温的升高而升高;最适休眠温度基本恒定,其与休眠期平均气温、有效休眠低温上限、最有效休眠低温上限相关性不显著;80%的年份最适休眠温度为5 ℃、所对应的冷活动积温约170 ℃·d;需冷积温以休眠期内日平均气温≤10 ℃的最有效冷活动积温最为稳定。【结论】麻江兔眼蓝莓最有效休眠日平均气温0.0~6.0 ℃,需冷积温是休眠期内日平均气温0.0~10.0 ℃的活动积温441.1 ℃·d。这些研究结果构建了一个基于气象数据的科学框架,为亚热带地区蓝莓栽培中的精准休眠调控提供技术支撑。

    Abstract:

    The aim of this paper is to investigate the threshold temperatures and chilling accumulation for breaking the natural dormancy of blueberries in accordance with meteorological standards, and the study subject is the rabbit-eye blueberries in Majiang. By using the phenological observations and concurrent daily temperature data and the curve-fitting method, this paper determines the initial and final dates of threshold temperatures at 1℃ intervals from 1℃ to 13℃. The active accumulated temperature method is adopted to calculate the chilling accumulation between the final and initial dates of each threshold temperature. Standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation (CV) are obtained to determine the stability of each chilling accumulation. The threshold temperature corresponding to the chilling accumulation with the smallest absolute difference between CV and SD, combined with an 80% validation rate, is identified as the optimal dormancy threshold for the Majiang rabbit-eye blueberries.‌ The results indicate that the suitable dormancy temperature for blueberries has interannual variability, increasing with rising averate temperatures during the dormancy period. The optimal dormancy temperature remains relatively stable and shows no significant correlations with average dormant-phase temperatures, effective upper cold thresholds, or the most effective upper cold thresholds. For 80% of the study years, the optimal dormancy temperature is 5℃, corresponding to a chilling accumulation of approximately 170℃· corresponding to a chilling ccumulation can be observed when the daily average temperature during dormancy is ≤ e℃.‌ Therefore, the most effective dormancy temperature range for Majiang rabbit-eye blueberries is 0.0 ancy℃, with a chilling accumulation requirement of 441.1℃·equwhich is calculated based on the accumulated temperature of daily averages within the 0.0–10.0℃ range during dormancy. These findings establish a meteorologically driven scientific framework that can support precise dormancy regulation in subtropical blueberry cultivation.

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梁平,李威,龙先菊,等.蓝莓休眠有效气温和需冷积温研究[J].山地气象学报,2025,49(4):96-102.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-18
  • 最后修改日期:2025-04-24
  • 录用日期:2025-05-09
  • 在线发布日期: 2025-09-18
  • 出版日期: 2025-08-30
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