In order to provide assistance for short-duration rainstorm forecasting and service business in Zunyi, based on the surface observation data of national stations and regional stations in Zunyi as well as the ERA5 reanalysis data from 2010 to 2021, this paper analyzes the spatial and temporal distribution and physical quantity characteristics of short-duration rainstorm in Zunyi by drawing cloud and rain maps and conventional statistical methods, etc.. The typing ingredients-based methodology method for short-duration rainstorm in Zunyi is established and tested. The results show that: (1) The short-duration rainstorm in Zunyi is mainly concentrated in summer. Its daily peak tends to occur between 00:00 and 05:00 (Beijing time), and its high-incidence areas are located in the Chishui River Valley, the Furong River Basin and the areas with large elevation differences, and the areas near the trumpet-shaped terrain. (2) There are significant differences in the distribution of various physical quantities among short-duration rainstorms of different weather types in Zunyi region. The water vapor conditions are subtropical anticyclone peripheral type > shear type > vortex shear type. The dynamic conditions are shear type > vortex shear type > subtropical anticyclone peripheral type. The unstable energy conditions are vortex shear type > subtropical anticyclone peripheral type > shear type. (3) For the water vapor conditions, the water vapor transport of short-duration rainstorm in Zunyi is mainly concentrated at 700 hPa, while the relative humidity of 1/4 short-duration rainstorm stations is higher than 80% at 500 hPa. The relative humidity condition of 700 hPa has a more significant concentration and consistency during the formation of shear type short-duration rainstorm. In terms of unstable condition, CAPE value is not a necessary condition for the occurrence of short-duration rainstorm in Zunyi. The indicative value of T700-T500 for shear type and subtropical anticyclone peripheral type short-duration rainstorm is better than that of T850-T500. (4) By comparing the values of physical quantities before the short-duration rainstorm process with the characteristic values on the cloud and rain charts, the probability of the process occurring can be predicted in advance. Overall, the typing ingredients-based methodology established in this paper can provide a good indication for short-duration rainstorms in Zunyi region and can be used in future forecasting operations.