Due to the limitation of management and land ownership of conventional meteorological observation stations, it is difficult for some stations with two factors (temperature and rainfall) to obtain ideal detection environment, different installation environment has certain influence on temperature monitoring value.In this paper, the hourly, daily, monthly, maximum, minimum and diurnal temperature data of four conventional meteorological observation stations,in the mountainous and hilly area of Shuicheng city and the two towns near the large-scale water body are selected, through statistics and comparative analysis.In the mountainous and hilly environment, the ground surface of the grass is warmer than the floor of the concrete slab for a long time. The daily maximum temperature is higher than the floor of the concrete slab for most of the year, the difference between the monitoring values of the two underlying surfaces was more obvious in the daytime in winter, and the ground grassland underlying surface in summer and autumn had higher air temperature peak than that of the cement slab underlying surface near the roof under the large-scale water environment, due to the influence of large-scale water body, the temperature rising speed and cooling speed of yushe reservoir station are slow. The difference between the daily maximum temperature and the daily minimum temperature of the two stations appeared in January, June, September and October. Under the two conditions, the difference between the monthly maximum temperature and the monthly minimum temperature on the same underlying surface is concentrated in June, August, September, October and November, and the difference between the monitored temperature and the monthly minimum temperature is the largest when the cold and hot seasons change, in summer and autumn, the difference of installation environment between hilly land and the same underlying surface near large-scale water body is the smallest.When selecting a site for the construction of a conventional meteorological observation station, it should be able to represent the meteorological conditions in a certain area and be built on a flat underlying surface. At the same time, maintenance work such as weeding and cutting grass should be done regularly, it can better guarantee the accuracy, representativeness, comparability and continuity of monitoring values.