This article analyzes the characteristics and physical indicators of extreme short-term heavy precipitation in Dazhou from 2013 to 2022 using conventional meteorological observation data, The results indicate that: The peak of extreme short-term heavy precipitation in Dazhou occurs in August, and the period from early morning to early morning is the prone period for extreme short-term heavy precipitation; The overall trend of extreme short-term heavy precipitation is characterized by more in the south and less in the central north; The synoptic types of extreme short-term strong precipitation annual extremes can be divided into two types: high-altitude trough type and subtropical high controlled type; The physical indicators related to extreme short-term heavy precipitation are conducive to further developing local extreme short-term heavy precipitation potential prediction in Dazhou.