Taking the extreme high temperature event in Guizhou in May 2020 as an example, this article uses the daily average temperature and daily maximum temperature of 84 stations in Guizhou Province from 1981 to 2020 (40 years in total) to study the "extreme high temperature event" in Guizhou. At the same time, the daily average sea level temperature (SST) data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and the National Oceanic and Atmopheric Administration are used to analyze the Guizhou Province. The occurrence of extreme high temperature events in the region and the continuous direct atmospheric circulation background, using leading and lagging correlation methods to focus on the impact of the monthly evolution of the tropical western Atlantic sea surface temperature on the extreme high temperature event in Guizhou in May 2020. The main conclusions obtained are as follows: (1) An extreme high temperature event occurred in Guizhou in May 2020. About 29% of the sites in Guizhou exceeded the historical extreme value since 1981, and about 58% of the sites exceeded the same period since 1981 ( May) At the historical extreme, the West Pacific Subtropical High has shown an abnormally expanding westward and strengthening trend. At the same time, it has been accompanied by an increase in the eastward extension of the South Asian High. The occurrence of this extreme high temperature event in Guizhou. (2) During the period of extreme high temperature events in Guizhou in May 2020, the upper troposphere of the middle and high latitudes of the Eurasian continent showed a clear Rossby wave train structure, which is beneficial to the emergence of extreme high temperature events in Guizhou. (3) The abnormal phased warming of sea-level temperature in the tropical western Atlantic Ocean on a monthly scale can be an important early signal for the occurrence of extreme high temperature weather in Guizhou, and the warming process is about 14 days earlier than the high temperature event, which has certain early indications.