Using the important weather reports and thunderstorm observation data from 2016 to 2021, the characteristics of the temporal and spatial distribution of thunderstorms and strong winds in Tongren, Guizhou were statistically analyzed, and the circulation situation and sounding characteristics of Huaihua Station near Tongren were classified. It shows that: the thunderstorms and strong winds in Tongren, Guizhou mainly occur from March to September, with the largest number of occurrences in May, with an annual average of 12.5 stations, the high frequency period appears from 14:00 to 23:00, and the peak is at 22:00 (Beijing time, the same below); The distribution characteristics of "more north and less south, less east and less west" are generally present, and the weather is dominated by single-station thunderstorms and strong winds. According to the configuration of the weather situation, they are divided into the following four categories: baroclinic frontogenesis, low-level warm advection forcing, quasi-barotropic and high-level cold advection forcing. Among them, the low-level warm advection forcing category can be divided into: strong cold and warm advection forcing category, strong warm advection forcing category and intermediate category according to the strength of cold advection on the north side of the middle and low-level shear line. Summarizing and summarizing the configuration of weather circulation and vertical distribution characteristics of various thunderstorm and gale processes can provide a reference for short-term weather forecast and early warning.