In order to study the meteorological conditions of pepper transplanting period in Bozhou region, the meteorological conditions of pepper transplanting period from April to May were analyzed by using the temperature and rainfall data of Bozhou National Meteorological Station from 1981 to 2021 and the rainfall and temperature data of 20 conventional meteorological stations from 2011 to 2021. The results showed that both the frequency and severity of drought in May were heavier than that in April. From 1981 to 2021, there were 7 years with drought days of more than 30 days in April-May, and the droughts with grade -3 or above were also included. The average number of rainy days is 4-6 days, and the number of rainy days in central and eastern China is more than that in western China. The number of days of rainfall, heavy rain and heavy rain in May was more than that in April, and the probability of heavy rain was less, and the heavy rain did not appear in early and middle April. In April, the lowest temperature below 10℃ was 6.54 days, and the lowest temperature between 10℃ and 15℃ was 15.75 days, which had a great influence on pepper transplanting and survival. In May, there were only 0.62 days when the minimum temperature was below 10℃, and 12.92 days when the minimum temperature was below 15℃, which had little effect on pepper transplanting. The results showed that from late April to early May, the frequency of drought was lower, the number of infiltration was more, the temperature was warmer, and the possibility of low temperature and freezing injury was lower, which was more suitable for pepper transplanting.