Based on the hourly observation data of dense automatic weather observation station and national weather observation station in Guiyang from 2014 to 2019, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of short-term heavy precipitation during the rainy season (between April and September) were analyzed. The results indicate that the short-term precipitation during the rainy season in Guiyang presents the spatial distribution characteristics of being more in the central part and less in the north and the south. The large value center is located in the central and southern part of Qingzhen - Guanshanhu-Baiyun area, which is also the area with the largest precipitation and the largest contribution of short-term heavy precipitation.The Short-term heavy precipitation in the rainy season in Guiyang concentrated in May to August, with the highest value in June, followed by July. The relative high value periods in a day were 23:00 to 03:00 of the next day, 7:00 to 8:00 and 20:00 to 21:00, and the diurnal frequency of short-time heavy precipitation varies with the monthly variation.The short-term heavy precipitation process lasting more than 3 hours is concentrated in the south-central part of Qingzhen-Guanshanhu-Baiyun-West part of Wudang, and the sub-high-frequency regions is concentrated in the south-central of Huaxi and south of Xiuwen. According to the different impact systems, the short-term heavy precipitation with a regional scope greater than or equal to 20% can be divided into 4 categories, in which the low vortex shear type is the most, accounting for 50.9%, the cold front low trough type accounts for 35.9%, the Meiyu front type accounts for 9.4%, and the two high Shear type accounted for 3.8%.