This paper studies the basic climate characteristics of glaze in Tongren from 1978 to 2020, mainly analyzes the characteristics of winter freezing in Tongren from 1978 to 2019, divides the strong and weak freezing years in Tongren, establishes the case database of winter freezing events in Tongren in recent 40 years, and briefly analyzes the characteristics and causes of abnormal freezing years. The results show that：1.In recent 40 years, there are 1483 glazed days in Tongren, 1088 days in Wanshan (73.4% of Tongren)，and glazed days appear in December、January and February，except Wanshan. 2. In recent 40 years, there are 164 freezing weather processes in winter , and the intermediate freezing process of 4-5 days occurred in winter (accounting for 47% of the total freezing process).3. In recent 40 years in Tongren, there are 7 years of abnormal freezing year, the freezing weather process of abnormal freezing year is 1 / 4 of the total freezing process, and 2008 is the most severe abnormal freezing year with the longest duration and the largest influence range. 4. The winter freezing in Tongren gradually increases from northwest to southeast in space, but has an insignificant decreasing trend in time.5. The abnormal low SST in Nino3.4 region of the equatorial Pacific and the abnormal circulation of north high and south low in the high latitude of Eurasia 500 hPa height field are the main causes of the abnormal freezing year in Tongren.