In order to provide theoretical basis for the development of local agricultural insurance and weaken the impact of meteorological disasters on the local economy, this paper analyzes the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of drought in Guizhou Province and designs a pepper drought index insurance product by using the annual growth period and yield data of pepper in 88 counties of Guizhou Province in 2011-2018, the daily meteorological data from 84 conventional surface weather stations in Guizhou from 1980 to 2020. Besides, the drought standard of Guizhou Province, and the methods of Kriging interpolation, regression analysis and other methods are adopted as well. The results show that: (1) Light drought and moderate drought mainly occur in the southwest of Guizhou, and the high-value areas are mainly concentrated in Panzhou and Pu'an. Extreme drought mainly occurs in the northeast of Guizhou, affecting fewer areas, but its occurrence frequency is the highest, reaching 78%. Severe drought often occurs in most areas of Guizhou, excluding Panzhou in the southwest and Huichuan and other areas in the northern region. (2) Taking Suiyang County as an example, the insurance rate for peppers is calculated to be 6.45%, and the standard of pepper drought weather claims is determined. The pepper drought index insurance product in Guizhou Province is finally designed, and it can provide technical references for insurance companies to reasonably and objectively formulate insurance-related clauses and pay economic compensation.