By analyzing the mean atmospheric circulation characteristics and the EOF classification results of 500 hPa atmosphere circulation of nine air pollution processes in Guizhou Province during 2015-2017, this paper comprehensively discussed the characteristics of high-altitude circulation, low-altitude horizontal transport, vertical structure and temperature inversion, as well as the contributions of thermal and dynamic factors when air pollution occurred. The results show that the air pollution process in Guizhou is often accompanied by low-altitude counter-temperature, with the results at 500 hPa are mainly zonal circulation pattern and trough—ridge—trough circulation pattern. Through in-depth analysis of low-altitude counter-temperature, wind shear, and vertical velocity of two typical contamination processes with long duration and heavy pollution in the first mode of EOF, it is found that the surface wind field is in the convergence area of wind and the atmospheric stratification is stable, which are not conducive to the horizontal diffusion of pollutants; in the horizontal direction of two typical air pollution processes, the weak vertical shear of low-level wind and the weak convective upward movement are not conducive to the vertical diffusion of pollutants in the vertical direction. In terms of thermal and dynamic conditions, the positive contribution of dynamic conditions dominates in the 1st air pollution process. In contrast, both thermal and dynamic conditions are positive contributions in the 2nd air pollution process.